Slowing the Aging Process with Lifestyle Modifications
Can we slow the aging process? The answer is a definite yes. It’s not easy and requires some real diligence but nevertheless aging can be slowed. And with that slowing comes a reduction in the onset of complex chronic diseases like heart, cancer, Alzheimer’s and diabetes.
Preventive Maintenance
When thinking about a car, we all know “old parts wear out.” It is equally true for the human body. But we can either slow or speed up the process, just as good preventive maintenance can keep that car running for a long time or abusive driving will lead to wear and tear at a fast clip.
Functional Loss
Let’s consider these examples of functional loss –
- bone strength
- muscle mass and balance
each losing about 1% per year beginning in early adulthood.
Bones Decline
Bones begin that slow one percent decline starting in early adulthood and it persists for the rest of life.
Speed it Up or Slow it Down
You can speed it up with a typical Western diet high in fat, sugar and salt or slow it with a diet that focuses on vegetables and fruits, good quality proteins and healthy fats. Add in some exercise, reduce chronic stress, sleep well and no tobacco and you will have had a major positive impact.
Impact
Consider that slowing that process by a just quarter percent per year will have a huge impact in later life. [The graph shows a 1% decline in function beginning at age 40 and extending to age 100 (middle line) and compares it to the impact of slowing the decline to 0.75% (upper line) or speeding it up to 1.25% (bottom line.)] A reduction from 1% to 0.75% may not seem like much but consider that it is a 25% decrease. As the graph shows, that reduction compounds over time, just like compound interest in an investment account.
Balance Decline
Balance mechanisms also decline with age as does muscle mass and strength. Impaired balance means a fall is more likely. Less muscle means less strength. Impaired balance and muscle weakness are a set up for a fall and with reduced bone strength the possibility of a major bone fracture is high.
Muscle Mass Decline
Muscle mass decline can be slowed considerably with the same attention to diet, stress and exercise along with regular aerobic and resistance exercise. Adding greater intensity for short durations twice a week, known as High Intensity Interval Training (HITT,) is better. For example, when riding an exercise bike in the gym, pedal at a comfortable rate to warm up and then as hard as you can for 30 seconds, return to the original moderate speed for 90 seconds and then repeat for about 8 cycles. Balance function can also be slowed with simple balance exercises.
Regular Exercise
The image below shows a cross section of the muscles in the leg of three individuals – a 40 year old that exercises, a 74 year old that does not exercise and a 70 year old that does exercise regularly. The difference is striking and should be a wakeup call to any of us who do not do both aerobic and resistance exercises regularly.
Delay Aging with Lifestyle Modifications
To summarize, there is a steady slow loss of physiologic function in most of our organs over time. It is possible to slow this average of 1% annual decline and with it the ultimate functional impairments. It is also possible to avoid or certainly delay age-prevalent diseases. Both depend on lifestyle modifications. Sure, it may be difficult to change habits formed over many years but the effort will be well worthwhile.
Investing in Health
Investing in health is like any type of investing; it compounds over time so the best time to start is as a young adult. But it is never too late; whenever you begin, it will pay a dividend so get started even if you are far along the path of life. We are living longer so let’s live healthier. Slower aging and fewer chronic illnesses sure beat the alternative. It is up to you. You have the power; use it!
Stephen C Schimpff, MD, MACP, is a quasi-retired internist, professor of medicine and public policy, former CEO of the University of Maryland Medical Center and author of Fixing the Primary Care Crisis and Longevity Decoded – The 7 Keys to Healthy Aging



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